The Flood of 1588: A City Submerged
In the year 1588, a devastating flood struck Rome. The Tiber River, not yet contained by protective embankments, overflowed, inundating the city. The powerful current swept away everything in its path, from boats moored along the riverbanks to carts and carriages that were helpless against the raging waters. Many of these objects were carried by the flood and eventually came to rest at the foot of the Pincian Hill. Among them was a small boat that would later inspire one of Rome’s most iconic fountains.
Pietro Bernini’s Inspiration
It was this very boat that caught the attention of Pietro Bernini, the father and mentor of the renowned sculptor Gian Lorenzo Bernini. He envisioned a monument that would symbolize the devastation of the flood and commemorate the resilience of the city. With the support of Pope Urban VIII, the project was approved, and in 1627, Pietro Bernini, assisted by his son Gian Lorenzo, brought the Barcaccia Fountain to life.
Why Is the Barcaccia Fountain Below Street Level?
A little-known fact about the Barcaccia Fountain is its unusual placement below street level. Many assume it was simply an architectural choice, but the reason is more practical: it was designed to maximize the pressure of the Acqua Vergine, an ancient Roman aqueduct with naturally low water pressure. By setting the fountain lower than the surrounding street, the Berninis ensured a steady flow of water, allowing the fountain to function efficiently.
A Tribute to the Flood and a Functional Masterpiece
The design of the fountain, depicting a half-sunken boat, serves as a reminder of the tragic flood while also providing fresh water to the public. Small spouts at the bow and stern of the boat allow passersby to drink from the fountain, blending art with utility in true Baroque fashion.
The Barcaccia and the Spanish Steps
For nearly a century, the Barcaccia Fountain stood alone at the base of the Pincian Hill, surrounded only by meandering footpaths. However, in 1725, the landscape was transformed with the inauguration of the grand Spanish Steps, a masterpiece by Alessandro Specchi and Francesco De Sanctis. Commissioned by Pope Benedict XIII for the Jubilee Year, the staircase of 135 steps enhanced the beauty of the square, making it one of Rome’s most picturesque landmarks.
A Timeless Symbol of Rome
Today, the Barcaccia Fountain remains one of Rome’s most beloved monuments. Situated at the foot of the Spanish Steps in Piazza di Spagna, it continues to captivate visitors with its unique design and historical significance. Whether admired for its artistic elegance or its deep connection to Rome’s past, the Barcaccia Fountain stands as a testament to the city’s ability to transform tragedy into timeless beauty.
