Pope Clement XII (Lorenzo Corsini) was elected in July 1730 with the Grand Duke Giangastone’s assistance and influence. Following the installation of the new pope, the Grand Duke requests a favor, but which one? We must travel back in time to the period when Galileo Galilei, one of the greatest scientists of all time, used his telescope to study the sky. When Galileo travels to Florence in the year 1610, he asks to see Cosimo II de’Medici, his favorite student. Astronomical research increasingly drives scientists to hunt for all the answers they need; nonetheless, two Dominican fathers of S.M. Novella take aim at this resourcefulness: Fathers Lorini and Caccini.
Galileo’s proclaimed heretical beliefs led to a report of his being brought before the Holy Office of the Inquisition in 1616. Galileo is persuaded to travel to Rome for his trial by the Grand Duke, who is also his great admirer and friend. The Grand Duke assures Galileo that he will be treated like a member of the Medici family and that he need not fear anything. When Galileo arrives in Rome, Piero Guicciardini, the Florentine ambassador, escorts him to the Holy Office. Galileo is seen as Cosimo II’s envoy rather than a scientist. The “President” of the Commission on Galileo’s judgment is Cardinal Roberto Bellarmino originally from Montepulciano. The cardinal in a very calm way asks Galileo for his ideas on the celestial creation and the latter responds with his scientific arguments, seen and considering the benevolence towards him Galileo plays the “Jolly” or asks the Cardinal if his theory of the sun At the center of the universe can be treated as a mathematical hypothesis and perhaps even written. Bellarmino seen the good intentions or perhaps also for their loved ones in Montepulciano direct subjects of Cosimo II accepts with the reserve that Galileo may discuss with other scholars on the heliocentric system as long as he remains as theory and absolutely not certainty on the divine creation.
Galileo leaves Florence at this time having avoided being questioned, but the fathers of the Dominican inquisition, known as the “Canes Domini,” have been alerted and are prepared to strike again. In its stead, Cosimo II passes away, and Ferdinand II, enchanted by Galileo’s scientific discoveries, will also pass away. Meanwhile, our Galileo developed the methods that would become common in the basic centuries that followed, right up until our own. These methods require that everything be verified and that everything be questioned, even the long-held notions that are thought to be unquestionable. Galileo is playing everything here for everything. The well-known work “The dialogue on the highest systems” is printed in Italian in 1632 so that it may be understood by everybody. Three characters are having a conversation in the text: The mediator, Salviati, is an astronomer and scientist who tries more to refute Ptolemaic ideas than Copernican ones, while Simplicio, a simple and ignorant person, defends Ptolemaic ideas. Sagredo, a friend of Galileo who was excommunicated, among other things, emphasizes Copernican theories. In actuality, Simplicio would represent Pope Urban VIII, who would personally defend all of the core tenets of the Catholic faith, including the Bible in this instance. Unfortunately, the famous Trent War years (1618–1648) further exacerbated the situation for Galileo by dividing the Catholic and Protestant faiths.
Galileo Galilei is called to Rome by the Inquisition for the thirtieth time. This time, however, Vincenzo Maculani, the future cardinal, is called upon to severely coerce Galileo into denying his theory, which is considered heresy. Due to the latter’s kindness this time around and the fact that the condemned are elderly, Galileo is persuaded to retract his scientific theses. As a result, in 1633, the scientist was allowed to return home following a brief stay in Siena, this time at the residence of his friend Archbishop Ascanio Piccolomini. Galileo is under house arrest in his villa in Arcetri and gradually gets widely recognized for the Catteratta, a very risky operation at the time. His daughter Sister Maria Celeste and eventually his loyal and trustworthy student Vincenzo Viviani will assist him. Here’s where the issue arises, though: on January 8, 1642, the scholar who transformed contemporary science passed away. The pump then starts to fail on the scientist’s funeral. According to Galileo’s will, he is buried with his loved ones at the church of St. Croce, but he may also be executed for a heretical thesis and buried in the church that served as the Inquisition’s headquarters. at Rome, people questioned how this could have happened.
The response was unequivocal: “Absolutely not,” but who in the Florentine city gave him the order? However, it was evidently Ferdinand II de’Medici who called a meeting of the S. Croce friars and ordered that Galileo’s remains be interred in the church. At this juncture, the impoverished fraticelli, using their keen sense of humor, observed a little area next to the church. Could this be the location designated for the unimportant scientist? As a result, they chose to bury the body in the area where the “grenades” are filed (near to the novitiate chapel). As a result, reports in Rome and the Grand Duke claimed that the body was at S. Croce a finesse by the Franciscan friars. In order to recall the scientist’s figure, Viviani, the follower, later acquired a bust of the teacher and the papers. Let’s go back to 1730, when Giangastone requests that Pope Clement XII rehabilitate the corpse and build a mausoleum for Galileo’s remains at S. Croce. Only in light of the Grand Duke of Tuscany’s “push” for the Pope’s election and Giangastone’s permission of the mausoleum’s construction—which is still standing and magnificent—can the Pope accept.
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